Each day Google honour one person or thing in their ‘Google Doodle’: today was dedicated to New Zealander, Beatrice Tinsley. You can see the doodle in the cover shot above. She is a pioneer in the study of how galaxies evolve — those great swirls of stars of which our solar system occupies a tiny corner of just one of more than 100 billion galaxies in the universe.
It’s a measure of her high reputation that Google would honour her, but few New Zealanders probably know of her.
I am not a cosmologist; I am the wrong person to explain her science. Others have covered her life better than I can. I write here encouraging New Zealanders to learn a little of this woman.
Certainly she’s less known than other New Zealand scientists. I first learnt of her from an article in Canterbury University’s magazine in 2006. I still have my copy of that magazine. I was struck both by her success and the awkward problems of an academic career for a married women in New Zealand at the time. (A copy is available on-line as PDF file or just the text.)
Some accounts have it in that the country that first gave women voting rights, the wife of a university staff member could not be herself a staff member in her day – 1961, not that many years ago really.
Born in England, she moved to New Zealand at young age to New Plymouth. At 14 she decided she wanted to be an astrophysicist, and seems to have set about that in a determined, and very successful, way.
She completed her undergraduate degrees in New Zealand, moving with her husband (a physicist) to the University of Texas in 1963. There she wrote her PhD thesis, Evolution of Galaxies and its Significance for Cosmology, published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.**
She was unable to work at Dallas, where her husband was, working 200 miles at Austin where she excelled.
Choosing between career an family in 1974, she divorced her husband and moved to California then Yale University where she became professor of astronomy until 1981.
She still struggled for professional recognition. Apparently, “her application for the job as head of the university’s astronomy department was not even answered”! But her name in science clearly stands in high regard.
The American Astronomical Society annually award the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize for “an outstanding research contribution to astronomy or astrophysics, of an exceptionally creative or innovative character”. University of Texas also has shorter awards for younger researchers in her name.
She died of cancer at age 40, in 1981.
Her name lives on in New Zealand and elsewhere. Mt. Tinsley stands in the Kepler Range in Fiordland. (The Kepler range is named after famous astronomer, Johannes Kepler.)
Asteroid 3087, discovered at Mt. John Observatory above Lake Tekapo, is named after her. Canterbury University has the Beatrice Tinsley Institute, and her name is honoured in a street in Auckland (adjacent to other space-related names, William Pickering and Sally Ride).
She was also the inspiration for a 2005 play Bright star by Stuart Hoar. (Directed by Susan Wilson.)
There are at least three biographies of Beatrice Tinsley for those who wish to read more. (The fourth listed there is about winners of the prize that holds her name.) One of the biographies is by Cate Catley, who wrote the article that I learnt of her; another is by her father. She also is covered in The Book of New Zealand Women / Ko Kui Ma Te Kaupapa, now out of print.
You can also learn more about her at Radio New Zealand by Veronika Meduna (2013) and later interviewing Richard Easther’s (2015), and at Richard’s blog post.
Dr Meghan Gray, an astronomer from the University of Nottingham, spoke about Beatrice Tinsley on Ada Lovelace Day –
Footnotes
All images are from Wikipedia, except the Google Doodle. The image of Mt. Tinsley has been slightly cropped.
* The biographies I’ve looked at don’t give her marriage date.
** Some of her papers are available in a collection at the National Library of NZ.
Edited to add more sources about Beatrice Tinsley.
Other articles on Code for life:
Temperature-induced hearing loss
Book sales, frumpy readers, and mental rotation of book titles
The inheritance of face recognition (should you blame your parents if you can’t recognise faces?)
4 Responses to “Beatrice Tinsley, Cosmologist”
For a little more on Beatrice Tinsley not being able work at the University of Canterbury, I was told (via twitter) that “Radio-astronomer Ruby Payne-Scott had similar problems in Aus[tralia]”.
The linked wikipedia article on Ruby Payne-Scott says (in the 1940s), “the Commonwealth government had legislated for a marriage bar specifying that married woman could not hold a permanent position within the public service”.
It seems this must have persisted until the early 1960s in New Zealand (and perhaps other Commonwealth nations). It also reads as if married women couldn’t work in the public service, regarded of if their husbands did or not.
I was also told that “There are now Ruby Payne-Scott awards available for women returning to work after having a child.” [In Australia.)
Just for wider context, the full paragraph from the wikipedia entry I mentioned reads,
The New York Times has recently published an obituary to Beatrice Tinley in their over-looked-no-more column. The letters are particularly thoughtful.
Here is the link title and link:
Overlooked No More: Beatrice Tinsley, Astronomer Who Saw the Course of the Universe
An insurgent who challenged the academic establishment and became a foremost expert on the aging of galaxies, she was eventually forced to choose between family and career.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/obituaries/overlooked-beatrice-tinsley-astronomer.html?smid=tw-nytimesscience&smtyp=cur
Kea Toa
Kea Ngakaunui
Thanks Maurice. I thought I’d added in a comment pointing to this at the time it came out. It seems I didn’t. *Sigh*